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在本例中,我们通过添加一个矩形补片(由x和y方向上的条限制定义)来快速绘制一个相当标准的误差线图。为此,我们必须编写自己的自定义函数 make_error_boxes
. 仔细检查此功能将显示Matplotlib的首选书写模式:
- 一个
Axes
对象直接传递给函数- 该功能在
Axes
方法直接,而不是通过pyplot
界面- 为了将来更好的代码可读性(例如,我们使用
facecolor
而不是fc
)- 艺术家们由
Axes
然后,函数返回打印方法,这样,如果需要,可以稍后在函数外部修改它们的样式(在本例中不修改)。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
# Number of data points
n = 5
# Dummy data
np.random.seed(19680801)
x = np.arange(0, n, 1)
y = np.random.rand(n) * 5.
# Dummy errors (above and below)
xerr = np.random.rand(2, n) + 0.1
yerr = np.random.rand(2, n) + 0.2
def make_error_boxes(ax, xdata, ydata, xerror, yerror, facecolor='r',
edgecolor='None', alpha=0.5):
# Create list for all the error patches
errorboxes = []
# Loop over data points; create box from errors at each point
for x, y, xe, ye in zip(xdata, ydata, xerror.T, yerror.T):
rect = Rectangle((x - xe[0], y - ye[0]), xe.sum(), ye.sum())
errorboxes.append(rect)
# Create patch collection with specified colour/alpha
pc = PatchCollection(errorboxes, facecolor=facecolor, alpha=alpha,
edgecolor=edgecolor)
# Add collection to axes
ax.add_collection(pc)
# Plot errorbars
artists = ax.errorbar(xdata, ydata, xerr=xerror, yerr=yerror,
fmt='None', ecolor='k')
return artists
# Create figure and axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
# Call function to create error boxes
_ = make_error_boxes(ax, x, y, xerr, yerr)
plt.show()